Dystonia is characterized by intermittent or prolonged involuntary muscle contractions in one or more parts of the body that result in long-term “abnormal” body postures. The symptoms of this disease can be alleviated by different treatments and the prognosis of the patients remains favourable in most cases. No cognitive or intellectual impairment is generally associated with abnormal movements, but motor disability can cause psychological suffering and often leads to social adjustment difficulties or anxiety disorders.
Diagnosis of Dystonia
Diagnosis of dystonia is primarily by clinical examination, that is, by observation of symptoms by the neurologist. Differential diagnosis is a real issue, as dystonia is often confused as a symptom of other pathologies, which may be the case for focal dystonia.
If dystonia is suspected to be the result of another neurological disorder, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) may be used to make the diagnosis.
In the case of genetic dystonia, a genetic diagnosis may be required to guide the treatment of dystonia.
