Glossary

Here you will find all the key concepts and notions of neuroscience. An essential resource for those who would like to better understand the brain and how it works!

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Optogenetics: Biomedical technique of introducing a gene into a cell that produces a photosensitive molecule, which can be activated by light stimulation without disturbing neighbouring cells.

Acethylcholine :: Neurotransmitter of the central and peripheral nervous system especially involved in muscle contraction and attention.
Action potential :: Transient and rapid change in the electrical potential at the surface of a cell.
Adrenaline (or epinephrine) :: A neurotransmitter secreted in response to stress or related to the preparation of physical activity.
Afferent nerve :: A bundle of nerve fibres (neurons) carry nerve impulses from sensory receptors (periphery) to the central nervous system.
Amygdala :: An almond-shaped structure of the brain located in the pharynx.
Amyloid :: A protein found in the brain and, to a lesser extent, in the bloodstream.
Apathy :: Pathological loss of motivation.
Aphasia :: Language impairment characterized by difficulty expressing or understanding words.
Apoptosis :: Programmed cell death mechanism.
Apraxie :: Disorder characterized by difficulties in performing certain voluntary movements.
Arachnoid mater :: The middle layer of the meninges protecting the central nervous system.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) :: Computer systems and methods capable of performing tasks that usually require human intelligence.
Astrocyte :: A glial cell in the star-shaped brain that protects neurons.
Autosomal transmission :: Mode of genetic inheritance
Axone :: Efferent extension of neurons.