All blood vessels that supply the brain.
Cerebral vascularization plays a crucial role in supplying the oxygen and nutrients necessary for neurons to function, while eliminating metabolic waste. Although the brain accounts for only 2% of body weight, it consumes almost 20% of total oxygen. This dependence explains why an interruption in blood flow, even for a few minutes, can cause serious injury.
Brain Arteries and Willis Circle
Cerebral blood flow is provided by two major arterial systems: the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries. These join at the base of the brain to form the Willis Circle, a ring-like structure that secures the blood supply. This device acts as a “back-up system”: if an artery becomes clogged, the circle can redistribute blood flow and limit damage.
Cerebral Vascularization and Neurological Diseases
An imbalance or obstruction in cerebral vasculature can have dramatic consequences. The best known example is stroke, which occurs when an artery becomes blocked (ischemia) or ruptures (hemorrhage). These events interrupt oxygen supply and cause nerve cell death. Other pathologies, such as aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations, also have their origin in a fragility of this vascular network.
Other Words That May Be of Interest to You
- Neuron :
- Basic cell of the nervous tissue, capable of receiving, analysing, reproducing and transmitting information in the form of an electrical or chemical signal.