Huntington's disease is a genetic neurological disorder that generally appears in adulthood. Teams of researchers and clinicians at the Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience (Inserm/Grenoble Alpes University) and the Brain Institute (Inserm/Sorbonne University/CNRS/AP-HP) have discovered cerebral abnormalities in the brains of human embryos carrying the mutation responsible for Huntington's disease. This work, to be published in Science, raises questions about the mechanisms of silent progression of the disease, and when and how to treat patients in the future.
Although Huntington’s disease is a late-manifesting neurodegenerative disorder, both mouse studies and neuroimaging studies of presymptomatic mutation carriers suggest that Huntington’s disease might affect neurodevelopment. To determine whether this is actually the case, we examined tissue from human fetuses (13 weeks gestation) that carry the Huntington’s disease mutation. These tissues showed clear abnormalities in the developing cortex, including mislocalization of mutant huntingtin and junctional complex proteins, defects in neuroprogenitor cell polarity and differentiation, abnormal ciliogenesis, and changes in mitosis and cell cycle progression. We observed the same phenomena in Huntington’s disease mouse embryos, where we linked these abnormalities to defects in interkinetic nuclear migration of progenitor cells. Huntington’s disease thus has a neurodevelopmental component and is not solely a degenerative disease.
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https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/07/15/science.aax3338